Showing posts with label Healthy Food. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Healthy Food. Show all posts

Tuesday

Black Pepper


Beat bloating!


Season meats with pepper before you grill them: When the sharp taste hits your tongue, the taste triggers your brain to produce a special protective acid that lines the stomach, preventing bloating, and indigestion before it starts. "In fact, heartburn is the result of too little of this particular acid in the stomach".


Piperine, the main alkaloid in black pepper, also stimulates enzymes that help break down food and even help the body absorb nutrients-so food becomes even healthier! In fact, research reports it can protect against major health problems such as stomach ulcers and cancers of the digestive tract.

Saturday

Curry ~ Simple Health Tips

Send pain packing. Add this bright yellow spice to potato salad and you'llnot only be giving it a tasty zing, you'll be delivering antioxidants thatkeep you feeling great! Curry powder's main substance, tumeric, works in asimilar way to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, like Celebrex, becauseit dampens the effect of COX-2, a chemical in the body that causes pain.That is not its only benefit, there are at least 30 studies showing thatTumeric's active ingredient had an anti-tumor effect and may even stop thegrowth of existing cancer cells.
Watkins offers Organic Curry

Wednesday

The Season of Harvesting ~ Health Benefits of Pickles

Pickles are low in Saturated Fat and very low in Cholesterol. They are a great source for iron vitamin A, potassium, manganese, vitamin K and Calcium. Not to mention a good source for dietary fiber.

Many fruits and vegetables you harvest from your garden this fall can be pickled and enjoyed throughout the Winter season. Below is a tasty recipe for pickling.

Tuesday

What do you use grapeseed oil for?

I just love Watkins grapeseed oil. Not only is it flavorful, adds moisture to your meals, it's healthy for you. Also, the price on our oil is awesome!

I love how I can alter the taste with our various dip mixes. Some of my favorites are the tomato & basil and the sesame garlic. You can add any dip mix and/or seasonings to the oil to create different dishes.

Here are just a few from our online recipe file:

Appetizers
Bacon & Onion Stuffed Mushrooms
Cajun Peanuts

Breads
Chai Loaf
Focaccia
Gingerbread Pancakes with Apple Compote
Hearty Black Pepper Corn Bread
Herbed Focaccia
Hot Cross Buns
Muffins
Poppy Seed Bread
Pumpkin Bread
Rhubarb Coffee Cake

Cookies and Bars
Carrot and Zucchini Bars with Citrus Icing
Fruity Orange Bars
Mint Cream Cheese Brownies
Molasses Crinkles
Oatmeal Raisin Cookies
Old-Fashioned Spice Bars
Peanut Butter Cookies
S’more Brownies

Desserts
Blueberry Cobbler

Entrees
Beef Kabobs
Broiled Tarragon Salmon Steaks
Caribbean Grilled Pork Tenderloin
Chicken Piccata
Classic Roast Chicken with Stuffing
Grilled Steak and Vegetables
Lemon/Mustard-Basted Orange Roughy
Peppered Pork Chops with Corn Stuffing
Roasted Brined Chicken
Royal Pork Medallions
Scallops and Linguine in Marinara Sauce
Sesame Tuna Steaks
Sole Amandine
Spicy Chai-Grilled Chicken
Spicy Lemon Baked Shrimp
Spicy Turkey Tenderloin with Black Bean and Corn Salsa
Tarragon Chicken with Bell Peppers
TEST RECIPE
Tex Mex Carnitas
Turkey on the Grill
Turkey Scaloppine
Wine-Marinated Grilled Steaks

Good Tastings™
Antipasto bread
Apple & Raisin-Stuffed Chicken Breasts on Curried Rice
Bacon & Onion Stuffed Mushrooms
Crunchy Asian Salad
Dilled Vegetable Salad
Peppered Hummus and Pita Chips (Winter 2004)

Holiday Recipes
Cranberry Pumpkin Bread
Marinated Carrot Sticks
Maritime Chowder

Main Dishes
Alfredo Pasta
Apple-and Raisin-Stuffed Chicken Breasts on Curried Rice
Apple-and Raisin-Stuffed Chicken Breasts on Curried Rice (Fall 2003)
Chicken à la King
Chicken Fajita Baked Potato
Chicken Fajita Pizza
Chicken Paprikash
Easy Chicken and Dumpling Stew
Pueblo Chili
Shrimp and Vegetables over Penne
Turkey and Vegetable Stew
Watkins Chicken Breasts Stuffed with Sage-Walnut Pesto

Pies and Cakes
Chocolate-Zucchini Snack Cake
Creamy Coconut Cake
Lip-Smackin’ Mocha Pudding Cake

Salads and Dressings
Apple-Romaine Salad
Asian Slaw
Basic Vinaigrette
Cabbage Salad
Celery Seed Dressing
Cranberry-Honey Mustard Vinaigrette
Crunchy Asian Salad
Dilled Vegetable Salad
Four-Bean Salad
French Potato Salad
Greek White Bean & Feta Salad
Honey-Lemon Dressing
Italian Bean and Tuna Salad
Lentil Salad
Macaroni Salad with Dill Dressing
Marinated Pasta Salad
Picnic Potato Salad with Sugar Snap Peas
Raspberry-Mustard Dressing
Rice and Craisin Salad
Salmon Pasta Salad
Spinach and Pasta Salad with Lemon-Rosemary Vinaigrette
Tarragon-Vanilla Vinaigrette
Tomato and Cauliflower Salad
Tossed Salad with Raspberry-Vanilla Vinaigrette
Tropical Fruit Salad
Turkey & Rice Slaw

Sauces
Alfredo Pasta Sauce
Alfredo Sauce
Basic Marinara Sauce

Soups
Bean Soup
Curried Carrot Soup
Homemade Egg Pasta
Tuscan Bean Soup

Vegetables and Side Dishes
Corn-Cheese Scallop
Dilled Vegetable Salad
Fettuccine Alfredo Mexicano
Pasta with Zucchini and Fresh Tomatoes
Roasted Spiced Sweet Potatoes
Vegetable Stuffed Potatoes

More than just a soup base

The soup & gravy mixes are a must in every pantry. You can prepare more than just with a jar of Watkins soup base (ID# 358211).

Be creative! What do you use your soup base for?

Here are just a few I pulled off our online recipe list:

Appetizers
French Onion Dip
Six Onion Cheeseball

Entrees
Cashew Pork
Classic Roast Chicken with Stuffing
Corned Beef Dinner
Crispy Fried Chicken
Roast Turkey with Sausage and Apple Stuffing
Roasted Brined Chicken
Royal Pork Medallions
Salisbury Steak with Mushroom Gravy
Savory Pork Roast and Gravy
Seafood Curry
Swedish Meatballs
Tarragon Chicken with Bell Peppers
Tex Mex Carnitas
Turkey Scaloppine
Yankee Pot Roast

Gift Line Recipes
Six Onion Cheese Ball

Good Tastings™
Apple & Raisin-Stuffed Chicken Breasts on Curried Rice
Shrimp Bisque (Winter 2004)

Holiday Recipes
Chicken Pot Pies
French Quarter Chicken Jambalaya
Maritime Chowder
Roast Turkey with Sausage and Apple Stuffing
Six Onion Cheese Ball
Six Onion Cheese Ball

Main Dishes
Apple-and Raisin-Stuffed Chicken Breasts on Curried Rice
Apple-and Raisin-Stuffed Chicken Breasts on Curried Rice (Fall 2003)
Calypso Jambalaya
Cashew Chicken
Chicken à la King
Chicken and Rice Casserole
Chicken Enchiladas
Chicken Paprikash
Country Beef Stew
Easy Chicken and Dumpling Stew
Easy Chicken Pot Pies
Mushroom and Asparagus Stroganoff
Pasta with Lemon-Peppered Chicken
Pueblo Chili
Quick Cincinnati Chili
Spaghetti Pie
Stuffed Green Peppers
Thai Shrimp and Broccoli Pasta
Turkey and Vegetable Stew
Turkey-Barley Stew
Vegetable-Stuffed Manicotti
White Bean and Sausage Rigatoni
White Chili

Salads and Dressings
Calico Ham Salad
Curried Couscous Salad
Curried Couscous Salad
German Potato Salad
Macaroni Salad with Dill Dressing
Picnic Potato Salad with Sugar Snap Peas
Seafood Pasta Salad
Spinach and Pasta Salad with Lemon-Rosemary Vinaigrette
Tropical Curried Chicken and Pasta Salad
Tropical Rice Salad
Turkey & Rice Slaw

Sauces
Jus
Italian Spaghetti Sauce
Lentil Spaghetti Sauce
Savory Beef-Mushroom Gravy
White Clam Sauce

Soups
Angel Hair Pasta and Chicken Soup
Bean Soup
Chicken & Pasta Soup
Chicken Noodle Soup
Corn Chowder
Cream of Potato Soup
Cream of Tomato Soup
Curried Carrot Soup
Delicious Cheese Soup
Easy Oven-Baked Split Pea Soup
French Onion Soup
Guadalajara Soup
Heartland Turkey and Tomato Soup
Hearty Beef and Pasta Soup
Italian Wedding Soup
Janette’s Mexican Chicken Soup
Manhattan Clam Chowder
Mid American Chowder
Nectarine-Cantaloupe Soup
Old-Country Spinach Soup with Spaetzle
Oriental-Style Pork and Noodle Soup
Quick Clam Chowder
Seafood Bisque
Seafood Chowder
Shrimp Bisque (Winter 2004)
Tortellini Soup
Tortilla Soup with Chicken and Corn
Turkey & Rice Soup
Tuscan Bean Soup
Tuscan Sausage and Bean Soup

Vegetables and Side Dishes
Capellini in White Sauce
Cheesy Whipped Potatoes
Corn-Cheese Scallop
Green Bean Medley
Hash Brown Casserole
Minnesota Sausage & Rice Dressing
Old-Fashioned Macaroni and Cheese
Potatoes au Gratin
Rice Pilaf
Salsa Corn
Savory Orange-Scented Couscous
Scalloped Potatoes
Spanish Rice

Courtesy of Watkinsonline.com/stone recipe list~

Friday

The Artichoke ~ Who would have known?

Since ancient times, the artichoke has been used for liver and gallbladder conditions, 'cleaning' the blood, as well as the bladder. The Egyptians highly prized it as a health and diet food and Plinius described it as the 'food for the rich' because of the health problems contributed to a 'rich' life style - excessive in rich foods, fats and wine that led to liver illnesses (such as cirrhosis), gout and a general run down condition.

Today we know that the artichoke is very high in fibre, potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus and other trace elements important for a balanced system. It is known to positively help poor liver function (thus helping to lower the blood cholesterol), arteriosclerosis, gout, supports the treatment of hepatitis and improves the gall secretions. It can slightly lower the blood sugar, improve the appetite and digestion, is diuretic and may help some migraine conditions (most especially those caused by toxins in the blood). As it helps the body rid itself of excess water and moves toxins it also has the added side effect of an improved skin luminosity.



Courtesy of: www.epicureantable.com

Tuesday

Nutmeg ~ A popular Holiday spice & Natural Remedy!



Health Benefits of Nutmeg
Nutmeg is known to aid digestion and relieve nausea and the sensation of vomiting.


So the next time you have these symptoms, be sure to had a dash of nutmeg to your favorite beverage or snack.



Here is a wonderful recipe for the Holiday Season~
Old-Fashioned Spice Bars
Fall is the perfect time of year to warm up your home with the fragrant scents of nutmeg and pure ground spices. This recipe will quickly become one of your favorite autumn desserts.


Ingredients
1 cup/250 mL raisins
1 cup/250 mL hot water
1/2 cup/125 mL Watkins Original Grapeseed Oil (ID# 358211)
1 cup/250 mL sugar
1 egg
1-3/4 cup/425 mL flour
1 tsp/5 mL baking soda
1 tsp/5 mL Watkins Cinnamon (ID# 358211)
1/2 tsp/2.5 mL Watkins Nutmeg (ID# 358211)
1/2 tsp/2.5 mL Watkins Allspice (ID#358211)
1/2 tsp/2.5 mL Watkins Cloves/Ground (ID#358211)
1/4 tsp/1.2 mL salt
1/2 cup/125 mL chopped walnuts or other nuts of your choice



Icing
3 cups/750 mL powdered sugar
1/2 cup/125 mL vegetable shortening
1 tsp/5 mL Watkins Original Double-Strength Vanilla (ID# 358211)
Milk as needed for texture



Cooking Directions Preheat oven to 350°F/180°C. Combine raisins and hot water in medium saucepan. Bring to a boil; remove from heat, add oil and set aside to rehydrate raisins. Place sugar and egg in mixing bowl; combine until smooth. Sift flour, soda, spices and salt together; add to sugar and egg mixture. Stir in water/oil/raisin mixture; add nuts. Pour batter into a jelly roll pan and bake for 15 to 20 minutes. Meanwhile, combine icing ingredients: mix powdered sugar and shortening. Add vanilla and a teaspoon of milk at a time while beating. Frost bars while still warm (not hot).



Courtesy of Watkins.com (ref ID# 358211)

Monday

More Cinnamon Fun Facts & Health Benefits!


With Watkins Cinnamon you can be sure you are getting the best:
Flavor — Watkins Cinnamon contains a minimum of 2% essential oils, other brands contain 1% and some as low as .5%.

Quality — Each shipment Watkins receives is put through a battery of tests to ensure it is only the highest quality.

Particle size — Watkins Cinnamon is carefully ground and sifted to ensure uniform particle size and quality.

On the market — Watkins purchases only the best Cassia Cinnamon available. Our strict attention to detail makes our cinnamon the very best on the market.

Cinnamon Facts:
Popular spice — Cinnamon is the world's oldest and most popular spice, know as the most important "sweet spice."

Two types — There are two types of cinnamon; Cassia and Ceylon.
Cassia — Has a more intense flavor than Ceylon and is what we in North America call "cinnamon."

Ceylon — Has a milder flavor, most Ceylon cinnamon imported to the United States is actually re-exported to Mexico.

Fun fact — If you stacked every tin of cinnamon Watkins has sold since 1895, it would be 12,411 times taller than the Empire State Building!

Make sure your pantries are stocked with Watkins Cinnamon, the holiday baking season is right around the corner!
Cinnamon Power

Cinnamon has fantastic health benefits; you may find you'll want to sprinkle Watkins Cinnamon on just about everything you eat! The Agricultural Research Service at the U.S. Department of Agriculture found that cinnamon made the body's cells more responsive to insulin, which in turn, helps to control the level of sugar or glucose in the blood. In studies, blood sugar levels started rising as soon as cinnamon was stopped, emphasizing the importance of daily consumption.
New research shows that ground cinnamon may also reduce the bad LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglycerides in type 2 diabetics. 1/4 tsp of cinnamon every day may help to lower blood sugar, fats and cholesterol by up to 30 percent!

Visit us at www.watkinsonline.com/home (ref ID# 358211)

Sesame Garlic Balsamic Salad Dressing

1/4 C. balsamic vinegar
3/4 C. Watkins Original grapeseed oil (ref ID# 358211)
1/2 t. dry mustard (ref ID# 358211)
1/2 tsp. sugar
4 tsp. Sesame Garlic Dip Mix (ref ID# 358211)

Mix vinegar with dry ingredients. Add oil and shake well. Makes 1 cup. Shake well before serving.

Saturday

Mango ~ A fruit with a curious flavor

The mango fruit is a type of muskmelon. It originated in Persia and Africa and now primarily cultivated in South Africa. It is referred to by numerous names including; the garden melon, lemon melon, orange melon, apple melon, vine peach, fragrant melon, pocket melon and many more. Could these names lend themselves to the curious flavor of the Mango?

The mango offers a broad health benefits aiding various portions of the human body.
Health Benefits of Mango :
*Mangoes contain phenols. Phenolic compound have powerful antioxidant and anticancer abilities.
*Mango is high in iron, pregnant women and people with anemia are advised to eat this fruit regularly. A great supplement for vegetarians!
*Mango is effective in relieving clogged pores of the skin (acne).
*Neutralizes acidity regarding poor digestion.
*Mangoes are low in carbohydrates.
*Mango is a rich source of vitamin A(beta-carotene), E and Selenium which help protect against heart disease.

Sunday

Pass the Garlic Please!

Ah, who doesn’t love garlic? A great product with nothing but fantastic benefits and pleasing to the pallet! Garlic will add just the right amount of zest to any dish.

A natural wonder drug, garlic has long been known for its health benefits and medicinal properties.


Its legendary reputation for preventing everything from the cold and flu to the Plague! It has been used extensively in herbal medicine (phytotherapy, sometimes spelt phitotherapy).
Raw garlic is used by some to treat the symptoms of acne and there is evidence that it can assist in reducing high cholesterol. It can even be effective as a natural mosquito repellent. In general, a stronger tasting clove of garlic has more sulphur content creating a higher level of medicinal value.


Garlic has been manufactured in a variety of forms creating a dry spice to a rich oil. Watkins offers garlic in various forms for the gourmet in your home! Some people prefer to take garlic the supplement. Capsules offer the advantage of avoiding garlic breath. Watkins Garlic oil softgels deliver the daily requirements without the odor!


Modern day research indicates that garlic is a potent antioxidant, covering a broad-spectrum rather than a targeted area. The human body does not build up a resistance to this natural wonder offering lifelong health benefits.


So, next time, don’t forget to ask "Got Garlic?"

Thursday

A Banana a day will keep the Doctor away!

Bananas contain three natural sugars - sucrose, fructose and glucose combined with fiber. A banana gives an instant, sustained and substantial boost of energy. Research has proven that just two bananas provide enough energy for a strenuous 90-minute workout. No wonder the banana is the number one fruit with the world's leading athletes.But energy isn't the only way a banana can help us keep fit. It can also help overcome or prevent a substantial number of illnesses and conditions, making it a must to add to our daily diet.

Depression: According to a recent survey undertaken by MIND amongst people suffering from depression, many felt much better after eating a banana. This is because bananas contain tryptophan, a type of protein that the body converts into serotonin, known to make you relax, improve your mood and generally make you feel happier.

PMS: Forget the pills - eat a banana. The vitamin B6 it contains regulates blood glucose levels, which can affect your mood.

Anemia: High in iron, bananas can stimulate the production of hemoglobin in the blood and so helps in cases of anemia. Blood Pressure: This unique tropical fruit is extremely high in potassium yet low in salt, making it perfect to beat blood pressure. So much so, the US Food and Drug Administration has just allowed the banana industry to make official claims for the fruit's ability to reduce the risk of blood pressure and stroke.

Brain Power: 200 students at a Twickenham (Middlesex) school were helped through their exams this year by eating bananas at breakfast, break, and lunch in a bid to boost their brain power. Research has shown that the potassium packed fruit can assist learning by making pupils more alert.

Constipation: High in fiber, including bananas in the diet can help restore normal bowel action, helping to overcome the problem without resorting to laxatives.

Heartburn: Bananas have a natural antacid effect in the body, so if you suffer from heartburn, try eating a banana for soothing relief.

Morning Sickness: Snacking on bananas between meals helps to keep blood sugar levels up and avoid morning sickness.

Mosquito bites: Before reaching for the insect bite cream, try rubbing the affected area with the inside of a banana skin. Many people find it amazingly successful at reducing swelling and irritation.

Nerves: Bananas are high in B vitamins that help calm the nervous system.

Overweight: Studies at the Institute of Psychology in Austria found pressure at work leads to gorging on comfort food like chocolate and crisps. Looking at 5,000 hospital patients, researchers found the most obese were more likely to be in high-pressure jobs. The report concluded that, to avoid panic induced food cravings, we need to control our blood sugar levels by snacking on high carbohydrate foods every two hours to keep levels steady.

Ulcers: The banana is used as the dietary food against intestinal disorders because of its soft texture and smoothness. It is the only raw fruit that can be eaten without distress in over-chronicler cases. It also neutralizes over-acidity and reduces irritation by coating the lining of the stomach.

Temperature control: Many other cultures see bananas as a "cooling" fruit that can lower both the physical and emotional temperature of expectant mothers. In Thailand, for example, pregnant women eat bananas to ensure their baby is born with a cool temperature.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): Bananas can help SAD sufferers because they contain the natural mood enhancer tryptophan.

Smoking & Tobacco Use: Bananas can also help people trying to give up smoking. The B6, B12 they contain, as well as the potassium and magnesium found in them, help the body recover from the effects of nicotine withdrawal.

Stress: Potassium is a vital mineral, which helps normalize the heartbeat, sends oxygen to the brain and regulates your body's water balance. When we are stressed, our metabolic rate rises, thereby reducing our potassium levels. These can be rebalanced with the help of a high-potassium banana snack.

Strokes: According to research in The New England Journal of Medicine, eating bananas as part of a regular diet can cut the risk of death by strokes by as much as 40%!

Warts: Those keen on natural alternatives swear that if you want to kill off a wart, take a piece of banana skin and place it on the wart, with the yellow side out. Carefully hold the skin in place with a plaster or surgical tape!

So, a banana really is a natural remedy for many ills. When you compare it to an apple, it has four times the protein, twice the carbohydrate, three times the phosphorus, five times the vitamin A and iron, and twice the other vitamins and minerals. It is also rich in potassium and is one of the best value foods around So maybe its time to change that well-known phrase so that we say, "A banana a day keeps the doctor away!"

Author Unknown, courtesy of Aunt Georgia

Sunday

Pecans earn an "A" on USDA Dietary Guidelines


Pecans contain more antioxidants than any other nut

Pecans are high in vitamin E, calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc and fiber

Pecans help boost the immune system

Studies have shown that nuts can reduce LDL cholesterol levels

Pecans are rich in oleic acid. Oleic acid has the ability to suppress the activity of a gene in a cell that is thought to trigger breast cancer

Gamma-tocopherol, a type of vitamin E found in Pecans has the ability to kill prostate cancer cells

Pecans are high in protein and count as a meat serving




Tuesday

The TRUTH about Avocados

*Even though avocados are high in calories, they help fight obesity because they give you a sense of fullness.

*Avocados are high in monounsaturated fats and research shows that exercise burns this type of fat a lot better than saturated fat.

*Avocados help fight prostate cancer since they are high in the carotenoid luetin, as well as other carotenoids and tocopherols that inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells.

*Avocados are one of the most nutrient-dense foods. They are high in fiber, folate, magnesium, potassium, and vitamin E.

*Avocados are high in magnesium. They provide more magnesium than the 20 most commonly eaten foods, with the banana in second place and the kiwi in third. Magnesium is essential for healthy bones, helps regulate blood pressure and cardiac rhythms, helps prevent migraines and helps prevent diabetes II.

*Avocados are high in potassium. Potassium also helps regulate blood pressure, and helps prevent stroke and heart disease.

*Avocados are a powerful “nutrient booster”, which means that it helps the body absorb the nutrients in foods. It’s important to remember that it’s not just the presence of nutrients in the food that matters, it is also our body’s ability to absorb these nutrients. Research has shown that avocados aid in this process.

So, even though avocados may be high in calories, it’s important that you eat some avocado everyday. It will help your satiety level so you won’t eat so much, it will provide some wonderful nutrients to your body, and best of all, it will help your body absorb the nutrients from other foods. Enjoy an avocado today! Here are some ways of doing so:
-Spread a bit of mashed avocado on your turkey sandwich in place of mayo.
-Dice some avocado on your green leafy salad
-Make a guacamole dip and enjoy it with a few corn chips or with a low-fat cheese quesadilla
-Garnish your tacos with some chopped avocado or freshly made guacamole.
~
Enjoy eating avocados! They are truly good for you.
~
Courtesy of Mirdza Hayden ~ Health4U ~ Helping people lead healthier lives

Thursday

Grapeseed Oil

Grapeseed oil is one of the only foods that not only lowers LDL, the bad cholesterol, but raises HDL, the good cholesterol. Consumed regularly, it may add years to the life of someone you care about...a true gift of "time in a bottle." It's not only great for the heart, it tastes great too, and its light neutral flavor goes with everything and can be used everywhere cooking oil is used. Watkins Grapeseed Oil is available in three gourmet flavors; Original, Garlic & Parsley, and Citrus & Cilantro. You'll also find it in our Garlic, Onion, and Chipotle Liquid Spices. Check out the recipe section at http://www.WatkinsOnline.com/home, and make 2007 your time for an oil change. Brenda Koth, MS, RD

Courtesy of Watkins Online

Wednesday

Cinnamon History


Cinnamon was so sacred in the ancient world that it was used in religious rituals; Emperor Nero burned Rome’s entire year’s supply of it as incense at his wife’s funeral. Our high-oil Korintje cassia (about twice as flavorful as Ceylon cinnamon) is the best quality cinnamon available anywhere. (170 g/6 oz.)
Courtesy of Watkins online